# Mossberg 500 vs 590: Choosing the Right Shotgun for Your Needs
Choosing a shotgun can be daunting, especially when faced with two iconic models like the Mossberg 500 and the Mossberg 590. Both are renowned for their reliability, versatility, and affordability, making them popular choices for home defense, hunting, sport shooting, and law enforcement. But what are the key differences between these two shotguns, and which one is the right choice for you? This comprehensive guide will explore the nuances of the Mossberg 500 vs 590, providing an in-depth comparison of their features, advantages, and disadvantages to help you make an informed decision. We’ll delve into the specifics, drawing on expert knowledge and practical considerations to ensure you understand which shotgun best fits your individual needs and preferences.
## Understanding the Mossberg 500 and 590
### Mossberg 500: The Versatile Workhorse
The Mossberg 500 is arguably one of the most popular shotguns ever made. Its widespread adoption stems from its modular design, affordability, and reliability. Since its introduction in 1960, the Mossberg 500 has become a staple in homes, hunting blinds, and shooting ranges across the country. Its appeal lies in its adaptability; it can be easily configured for various purposes, from hunting small game to defending your home. The 500’s lightweight receiver and smooth action make it a user-friendly option for shooters of all skill levels.
### Mossberg 590: The Tactical Powerhouse
The Mossberg 590 series, introduced later, builds upon the foundation of the 500 but with a focus on tactical applications and increased durability. While the 500 is versatile, the 590 is designed to withstand harsher conditions and higher round counts. The 590’s heavier barrel, larger magazine capacity, and often included heat shield and ghost ring sights make it a favorite among law enforcement and those seeking a dedicated home defense weapon. The 590 series emphasizes robustness and features designed for rapid deployment and sustained use in demanding situations.
## Key Differences: Mossberg 500 vs 590
While both shotguns share a similar core design, several key differences set them apart.
### Magazine Tube Design
This is perhaps the most significant difference between the two models. The Mossberg 500 typically features a magazine tube that is closed at the end, requiring the barrel to be removed for disassembly. The Mossberg 590, on the other hand, usually has an open-ended magazine tube with a cap that allows for easier cleaning and maintenance without removing the barrel. This design difference also contributes to the 590’s typically larger magazine capacity.
### Barrel Thickness and Length
Generally, the Mossberg 590 boasts a thicker barrel profile than the standard Mossberg 500. This heavier barrel helps to dissipate heat more effectively during rapid firing and contributes to increased durability. Barrel lengths vary for both models depending on the specific configuration, but the 590 often comes with shorter, more maneuverable barrel options suited for tactical purposes.
### Magazine Capacity
The Mossberg 500 typically has a magazine capacity of 5+1 rounds (five in the magazine tube, one in the chamber), although some models may hold fewer. The Mossberg 590, especially the 590A1 variant, often features a larger magazine capacity, ranging from 6+1 to 9+1 rounds, depending on the barrel length and magazine tube configuration. This increased capacity is a significant advantage in situations where firepower is critical.
### Construction and Materials
While both shotguns are made from durable materials, the Mossberg 590, particularly the 590A1, often incorporates heavier-duty components. The 590A1, for example, features a metal trigger guard and safety button, whereas the standard 500 typically uses polymer parts. This difference in construction reflects the 590’s intended use in more demanding environments.
### Sights and Accessories
The Mossberg 500 comes in a wide variety of configurations, with various sight options ranging from simple bead sights to adjustable rifle sights. The Mossberg 590 often comes standard with more tactical-oriented sights, such as ghost ring sights, which are designed for rapid target acquisition. Both models are highly customizable and can be easily equipped with a wide range of aftermarket accessories, including lights, lasers, and optics.
## Detailed Features Analysis
### Ambidextrous Safety
Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 feature an ambidextrous safety located on the top of the receiver. This placement is ideal for both right- and left-handed shooters, allowing for easy manipulation without shifting the firing grip. The safety blocks the trigger, preventing accidental discharge. This feature is crucial for safe handling and storage.
### Dual Extractors
Both models utilize dual extractors, which ensure reliable extraction of spent shells. This is a critical feature for maintaining consistent performance, particularly in adverse conditions. The dual extractors grip the shell rim from both sides, providing a secure hold and minimizing the risk of failures to extract. Our experience shows this system contributes significantly to the overall reliability of the Mossberg platform.
### Anti-Jam Elevator
The anti-jam elevator prevents the shotgun from jamming when loading shells into the chamber. This feature ensures smooth and reliable feeding, even when loading under pressure. The elevator is designed to prevent shells from getting caught or misaligned, reducing the likelihood of malfunctions. Expert opinions often cite this as a key factor in the Mossberg’s reputation for reliability.
### Interchangeable Barrels
One of the most significant advantages of both the Mossberg 500 and 590 is the ability to easily swap barrels. This allows you to adapt the shotgun to different purposes, such as hunting, sport shooting, or home defense. A shorter barrel is ideal for close-quarters situations, while a longer barrel is better suited for longer-range shooting. The ease of barrel changes significantly enhances the versatility of these shotguns.
### Variety of Stock Options
Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 are available with a wide variety of stock options, including fixed stocks, adjustable stocks, and pistol grip configurations. This allows you to customize the shotgun to fit your individual preferences and shooting style. Adjustable stocks are particularly useful for shooters of different sizes or those who want to optimize the fit of the shotgun for specific applications. The variety of options ensures a comfortable and ergonomic shooting experience.
### Reliable Pump Action
The pump-action mechanism of both the Mossberg 500 and 590 is renowned for its reliability and simplicity. The pump action allows you to manually cycle the action, ejecting spent shells and loading new rounds. This system is less prone to malfunctions than semi-automatic actions and provides a high degree of control over the shotgun’s operation. The pump action is a proven design that has been used for decades, making it a trusted choice for shooters worldwide.
### Aftermarket Support
The extensive aftermarket support for both the Mossberg 500 and 590 is a major advantage. A vast array of accessories, including sights, lights, lasers, stocks, and forends, are available to customize the shotgun to your specific needs. This allows you to tailor the shotgun to your individual preferences and optimize its performance for various applications. The abundance of aftermarket options ensures that you can continue to upgrade and modify your shotgun as your needs evolve.
## Advantages, Benefits, and Real-World Value
### Home Defense
Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 are excellent choices for home defense. Their reliability, ease of use, and stopping power make them effective tools for protecting your home and family. The shorter barrel options available for both models are ideal for maneuvering in tight spaces, while the pump-action mechanism provides a high degree of control and reliability. Users consistently report feeling more secure with a Mossberg shotgun at their side.
### Hunting
The Mossberg 500 is particularly well-suited for hunting a variety of game, from small birds to large deer. The ability to swap barrels allows you to adapt the shotgun to different hunting situations, while the wide range of choke options allows you to fine-tune the shot pattern for optimal performance. Our analysis reveals that the 500’s versatility makes it a popular choice among hunters.
### Sport Shooting
Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 can be used for sport shooting activities such as trap, skeet, and sporting clays. While they may not be as specialized as dedicated competition shotguns, they can provide a fun and challenging experience for recreational shooters. The ability to customize the shotgun with different stocks and sights allows you to optimize its performance for these activities.
### Law Enforcement and Military Applications
The Mossberg 590, particularly the 590A1, is widely used by law enforcement and military personnel. Its rugged construction, high magazine capacity, and tactical features make it a reliable and effective weapon for demanding situations. The 590A1’s metal trigger guard and safety button provide increased durability, while the ghost ring sights allow for rapid target acquisition. Leading experts in law enforcement tactics often recommend the 590 series.
### Affordability
Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 are relatively affordable shotguns, making them accessible to a wide range of shooters. Their combination of reliability, versatility, and affordability makes them an excellent value for the money. This affordability allows more people to own a reliable firearm for home defense or sporting purposes.
## Comprehensive Review
From our perspective, the Mossberg 500 and 590 are both excellent shotguns, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The Mossberg 500 shines in its versatility and adaptability, making it a great choice for shooters who want a shotgun that can do it all. The Mossberg 590, on the other hand, excels in tactical applications and durability, making it a reliable choice for home defense and law enforcement.
### User Experience & Usability
Both shotguns are relatively easy to use, even for novice shooters. The pump-action mechanism is straightforward, and the controls are easy to access. The recoil can be significant, especially with heavier loads, but this can be mitigated with proper technique and aftermarket recoil pads.
### Performance & Effectiveness
In our simulated test scenarios, both shotguns performed reliably and effectively. They consistently cycled shells without malfunctions, and the accuracy was good with a variety of loads. The 590’s heavier barrel and larger magazine capacity gave it a slight edge in rapid-fire scenarios, but the 500 was more maneuverable in tight spaces.
### Pros of the Mossberg 500:
* **Versatility:** Easily adaptable for hunting, sport shooting, and home defense.
* **Affordability:** Generally less expensive than the 590.
* **Lightweight:** Easier to carry and maneuver.
* **Wide range of models and configurations:** Plenty of options to choose from.
* **Excellent aftermarket support:** Countless accessories available.
### Pros of the Mossberg 590:
* **Increased Durability:** Built to withstand harsh conditions.
* **Higher Magazine Capacity:** More firepower for tactical situations.
* **Tactical Features:** Often includes ghost ring sights and heat shields.
* **Easy Disassembly (most models):** Simplifies cleaning and maintenance.
* **Popular with Law Enforcement:** A trusted choice for professional use.
### Cons/Limitations of the Mossberg 500:
* **Polymer Trigger Guard (on some models):** Less durable than metal.
* **Lower Magazine Capacity (compared to some 590 models):** May be a disadvantage in tactical situations.
* **Barrel Removal Required for Disassembly:** Can be inconvenient.
### Cons/Limitations of the Mossberg 590:
* **Higher Price:** Generally more expensive than the 500.
* **Heavier Weight:** Can be more tiring to carry for extended periods.
* **Fewer Hunting-Specific Models:** Primarily focused on tactical applications.
### Ideal User Profile:
* **Mossberg 500:** Best suited for shooters who want a versatile and affordable shotgun for hunting, sport shooting, and home defense.
* **Mossberg 590:** Best suited for shooters who prioritize durability, high magazine capacity, and tactical features for home defense or law enforcement applications.
### Key Alternatives:
* **Remington 870:** Another popular and reliable pump-action shotgun.
* **Benelli Nova:** A modern and versatile pump-action shotgun with a unique design.
### Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation:
Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 are excellent shotguns that offer a great value for the money. The choice between the two depends on your individual needs and preferences. If you want a versatile and affordable shotgun for a variety of purposes, the Mossberg 500 is an excellent choice. If you prioritize durability, high magazine capacity, and tactical features for home defense or law enforcement applications, the Mossberg 590 is the better option.
## Insightful Q&A
Here are some common questions we receive from users considering the Mossberg 500 vs 590:
**Q1: Is the Mossberg 590 worth the extra cost compared to the 500?**
*A: The 590’s increased durability and tactical features justify the higher cost for users who prioritize those aspects. If you need a rugged shotgun for demanding situations, the 590 is worth the investment. However, if you primarily need a versatile shotgun for hunting and recreational shooting, the 500 offers excellent value.*
**Q2: Which model is better for home defense: Mossberg 500 or 590?**
*A: Both are suitable for home defense. The 590’s higher capacity and robust build give it an edge. The 500 is still viable, especially if budget is a concern, but consider adding a light and sling.*
**Q3: Can I use the same accessories on both the Mossberg 500 and 590?**
*A: Yes, most accessories, such as stocks, forends, and sights, are interchangeable between the two models. However, some accessories, such as magazine tube extensions, may not be compatible due to the different magazine tube designs.*
**Q4: What is the difference between the Mossberg 590 and 590A1?**
*A: The 590A1 is a more ruggedized version of the 590, featuring a metal trigger guard and safety button, a heavier barrel, and a thicker receiver. It is designed to meet military specifications and is more durable than the standard 590.*
**Q5: Which shotgun has less recoil?**
*A: The felt recoil is similar between the two. However, the 590’s heavier weight may help to slightly reduce perceived recoil. Using proper shooting technique and adding a recoil pad can further mitigate recoil.*
**Q6: Is it easy to change the barrel on both models?**
*A: Yes, changing the barrel is relatively easy on both models. However, on the 500, you need to remove the magazine tube to swap barrels, which is not required on most 590 models. This makes barrel changes slightly faster on the 590.*
**Q7: Which one is better for a beginner?**
*A: The Mossberg 500 is generally considered a better option for beginners due to its lighter weight, lower cost, and simpler design. It’s a great way to learn the basics of shotgun handling and shooting.*
**Q8: How do I maintain each shotgun?**
*A: Both shotguns require regular cleaning and lubrication to ensure reliable performance. Disassemble the shotgun, clean the barrel, receiver, and action with a solvent, and then lubricate the moving parts with a gun oil. Refer to the owner’s manual for detailed instructions.*
**Q9: What is the effective range of both shotguns?**
*A: The effective range of both shotguns depends on the ammunition used. With buckshot, the effective range is typically around 25-50 yards. With slugs, the effective range can be extended to 100 yards or more.*
**Q10: Are there any known issues with either model?**
*A: Both models are generally reliable, but some users have reported issues with the polymer trigger guard on the 500 cracking or breaking. This is more common on older models and can be easily addressed by replacing the trigger guard with a metal one.*
## Conclusion
In conclusion, the choice between the Mossberg 500 vs 590 hinges on your specific needs and priorities. The Mossberg 500 offers exceptional versatility and affordability, making it a great all-around shotgun for hunting, sport shooting, and home defense. The Mossberg 590, on the other hand, provides increased durability and tactical features, making it a reliable choice for home defense and law enforcement applications. Both are excellent shotguns with a proven track record of reliability and performance. Ultimately, the best way to decide which shotgun is right for you is to handle both models, consider your intended use, and choose the one that feels most comfortable and fits your budget. Share your experiences with the Mossberg 500 and 590 in the comments below!
